Gioi thieu: Hieu ve Bai Thi Cong Dan Hoa Ky

Bai thi cong dan Hoa Ky (Civics Test) la mot phan quan trong trong qua trinh nhap tich. Trong bai thi nay, nhan vien USCIS se hoi ban 10 cau hoi tu 100 cau hoi co the co, va ban can tra loi dung it nhat 6 cau de dat. Cac cau hoi lien quan den lich su Hoa Ky, chinh phu, va quyen cong dan.

Bai viet nay se gioi thieu chi tiet 10 cau hoi xuat hien thuong xuyen nhat trong bai thi, kem theo giai thich bang tieng Viet de ban de hieu. Hay nho rang trong bai thi thuc te, ban can tra loi bang tieng Anh, tru khi ban duoc mien thi tieng Anh do tuoi tac va thoi gian cu tru.

Cau 1: Luat toi cao cua nuoc My la gi?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: What is the supreme law of the land?

Tra loi: The Constitution

Giai thich: Hien phap Hoa Ky (The Constitution) la luat toi cao cua nuoc My. Hien phap duoc soan thao vao nam 1787 tai Philadelphia va la nen tang cua toan bo he thong phap luat My. Moi luat khac deu phai tuan theo Hien phap. Hien phap co the duoc sua doi thong qua cac tu chinh an (amendments) va hien tai co 27 tu chinh an. Day la cau hoi rat thuong gap trong bai thi – chi can nho “The Constitution” la du.

Cau 2: Hien phap lam gi?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: What does the Constitution do?

Tra loi: Sets up the government / Defines the government / Protects basic rights of Americans

Giai thich: Cau hoi nay co ba cau tra loi deu duoc chap nhan. Ban chi can tra loi mot trong ba: thiet lap chinh phu (sets up the government), xac dinh chinh phu (defines the government), hoac bao ve quyen co ban cua nguoi My (protects basic rights of Americans). Cau tra loi de nho nhat la “Sets up the government.”

Cau 3: Muoi tu chinh an dau tien cua Hien phap duoc goi la gi?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?

Tra loi: The Bill of Rights

Giai thich: Muoi tu chinh an dau tien cua Hien phap duoc goi la Bill of Rights (Tuyen ngon Nhan quyen). Duoc phe chuan vao nam 1791, Bill of Rights bao dam cac quyen co ban nhu tu do ngon luan, tu do ton giao, va quyen so huu vu khi. Day la mot trong nhung cau hoi xuat hien nhieu nhat trong bai thi.

Cau 4: Mot quyen tu do trong Tu chinh an thu Nhat la gi?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?

Tra loi: Speech / Religion / Assembly / Press / Petition the government

Giai thich: Tu chinh an thu Nhat bao dam nam quyen tu do: tu do ngon luan (speech), tu do ton giao (religion), tu do hoi hop (assembly), tu do bao chi (press), va quyen thỉnh nguyen chinh phu (petition the government). Ban chi can tra loi mot trong nam quyen nay. De nho nhat la “speech” (tu do ngon luan).

Cau 5: Co bao nhieu Thuong nghi si Hoa Ky?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: How many U.S. Senators are there?

Tra loi: One hundred (100)

Giai thich: Thuong vien Hoa Ky co 100 Thuong nghi si. Moi bang co 2 Thuong nghi si. Vi co 50 bang, nen tong cong la 50 x 2 = 100. Nhiem ky cua mot Thuong nghi si la 6 nam. Con so nay rat de nho: 100 Thuong nghi si cho 50 bang.

Cau 6: Nhiem ky cua Tong thong la bao lau?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: For how long do we elect the President?

Tra loi: Four (4) years

Giai thich: Tong thong Hoa Ky co nhiem ky 4 nam va co the duoc bau lai toi da hai nhiem ky (tong cong 8 nam). Bau cu tong thong duoc to chuc vao thang 11 moi 4 nam. Chi can nho “four years” (bon nam) la du.

Cau 7: Co bao nhieu thanh vien co quyen bieu quyet trong Ha vien?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?

Tra loi: Four hundred thirty-five (435)

Giai thich: Ha vien Hoa Ky co 435 thanh vien co quyen bieu quyet. So luong dan bieu cua moi bang phu thuoc vao dan so. Bang co dan so dong nhu California co nhieu dan bieu hon, trong khi moi bang duoc dam bao it nhat mot dan bieu. Nhiem ky cua dan bieu la 2 nam.

Cau 8: Chinh phu co may nhanh?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: How many branches are there in the government?

Tra loi: Three (3)

Giai thich: Chinh phu Hoa Ky co ba nhanh: Nhanh Lap phap (Legislative Branch) la Quoc hoi, chiu trach nhiem lam luat; Nhanh Hanh phap (Executive Branch) do Tong thong dung dau, chiu trach nhiem thi hanh luat; va Nhanh Tu phap (Judicial Branch) do Toi cao Phap vien dung dau, chiu trach nhiem giai thich luat. He thong “tam quyen phan lap” nay dam bao khong co nhanh nao co qua nhieu quyen luc.

Cau 9: Tong thong hien tai la ai?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: What is the name of the President of the United States now?

Tra loi: (Hay kiem tra ten Tong thong hien tai truoc khi thi)

Giai thich: Cau hoi nay yeu cau ban noi ten cua Tong thong dang tai nhiem. Vi Tong thong co the thay doi, hay dam bao ban biet ten Tong thong hien tai truoc ngay thi. Truy cap trang web cua USCIS de cap nhat thong tin moi nhat. Ban chi can noi ten la du.

Cau 10: Co bao nhieu ngoi sao tren la co My?

Cau hoi tieng Anh: How many stars are on the flag?

Tra loi: Fifty (50)

Giai thich: Co My co 50 ngoi sao, dai dien cho 50 bang hien tai. Co con co 13 soc do va trang, dai dien cho 13 thuoc dia ban dau (sau nay tro thanh 13 bang dau tien). Hai con so can nho: 50 ngoi sao = 50 bang, 13 soc = 13 thuoc dia ban dau.

Chien luoc on thi hieu qua

Sau khi nam vung 10 cau hoi thuong gap nhat, ban nen tiep tuc chuan bi theo chien luoc sau:

1. Chia nhom hoc: Chia 100 cau hoi thanh 10 nhom, moi nhom 10 cau. Moi ngay hoc mot nhom.
2. Hoc doi chieu Viet-Anh: Doc cau hoi bang tieng Viet de hieu y nghia, roi nho cau tra loi bang tieng Anh.
3. Dung flashcards: Viet cau hoi mot mat, tra loi mat kia. Mang theo ben minh de on bat cu luc nao.
4. Lam bai thi thu: Su dung cac bai thi thu truc tuyen de kiem tra kien thuc cua ban.
5. On tap thuong xuyen: Moi ngay danh 20-30 phut de on tap. Deu dan con hon nhieu mot luc.